Background: It is estimated that about 50% of causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases remain unknown. Sperm factors are suggested to have Probable role in cases with RPL. Objective: The goal was to determine the possible relationship between semen bacterial contaminations with unexplained RPL. Also, the correlation between number of bacterial colony and sperm chromatin condensation was examined.Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 30 fertile men (group A) and 30 infertile (group B) men with unknown RPL. Semen collection and analysis were done according to WHO manuals. Sperm count and motility were evaluated by Makler chamber. Eosin-Nigrosin and Papanicolaou staining methods were applied for viability and morphology assessment, respectively. The semen samples from both groups were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Aniline blue (AB) and toluidine blue (TB) staining methods were applied for evaluating sperm chromatin condensation.Results: The numbers of colonies were significantly higher in group B when compared to group A. Also, S. aureus and E. coli contaminations showed significant differences between two groups. Both AB+ and TB+ sperm cells showed significant increase in group B compared to group A. There was a significant negative correlation between colony number and progressive motility (p=0.01), and sperm viability (p=0.007). In addition, positive correlations were found between colony number and AB+ (p=0.001) and TB+ (p=0.004) as well.Conclusion: Bacterial contaminations in semen of men from RPL couples had significantly higher levels when compared to fertile controls. Presence of microorganisms in semen may be correlated with irregular sperm parameters and quality.

Purpose: To report visual and anatomical outcome of flap loss after LASIK surgery for correction of high myopia. Materials & Methods: Retrospective evaluation of flap loss in two eyes of two patients, a rare complication of LASIK Surgery. Case No. 1: 27 y/o woman with Ref. OD -9.75; 2.75*177 VA. CC: 20/60 KR OD: 41.86*77 39.86 * 168 & partial amblyopia due to anisometropia. Case No. 2: 38 y/o woman with Ref OD. -9.50 1.0*177 VA CC: 20/30 KR OD: 42.06*77 40.99 * 167. Results: In both patients during LASIK surgery free cap complication occurred and after Laser therapy free cap positioned over the stromal bed, but the next day after operation flaps were lost. For case NO.1only medical management performed and after 4.5 years F/U cornea has 2° central haziness. For case NO.2 another corneal flap from donor globe cut and sutured with Nylon 10/0 and after 18 months F/U cornea is clear. Conclusion: In patients with flat keratometry less than 41.0 Diopter rate of free cap are high and after laser therapy for high myopia the keratometry became more flat. If surgeon doesn't suture flap the rate of flap loss increase so for prevent of corneal haziness and corneal ectazia this evaluation suppose to perform donor corneal flap graft.      

Losing expected benefit means benefits, which have not been existed yet, but have the potential to come into existence. Considering this kind of loss as a compensable damages has always been a controversial issue. The incertitude is mostly because the loss itself and its measures cannot be evaluated for certain. Therefore, determining reasonable evaluation method might make compensating this damage much easier. In this article, a general study is conducted on this subject and we have tried to focus on the methods of evaluating this kind of damage, considering the judicial procedure as well as the experience of other legal systems. It is thus proposed, in case the tortfeasor’s act has ceased the previous status/benefit of the injured person, the injured person’s previous status must be considered as the basis of compensation. Otherwise, when the tortfeasor’s act has deprived the injured person from gaining an expected (new) benefit, the status of his peers are held as the basis of compensation. Moreover, the extremity of the assessment of the loss of profit is usually until when the injured person is put back into his previous status. Otherwise, custom and law are the two elements, which are used in order to determine this extremity.

Purpose: Report a case of iatrogenic medial rectus loss in exotropia surgery and its management with review literature.Case Report: A 14-year-old female with a history of cerebral palsy and left exotropia underwent strabismus surgery in another center when she was 7 years old. As her surgeon reported, after 8 mm medial rectus resection, it was lost and he could not retrieve it; so, to balance the forces of adduction and abduction, the surgeon disinserted left lateral rectus, but 2 months later, because of large angle exotropia and severe limitation in adduction, she was referred to this center. We explored the area and could not find the lost medial rectus; so, half tendon transposition of superior rectus and inferior rectus to the previous insertion site of medial rectus was performed and left lateral rectus was fixated to the lateral orbital periosteum. Two months after the operation, she was orthotropic and ocular movements were significantly balanced.Conclusion: Half tendon transposition of vertical recti to the site of lost medial rectus associated with periosteal fixation of lateral rectus can improve the strabismus of lost medial rectus muscle.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct estimation of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound estimation.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

Background and Aims: Caries and bone loss are the most common diseases in oral cavity. The prevalence of these diseases will be reduced by controlling their risk factors. In this study, bitewing radiographs of patients were examined to illustrate the relationship between caries and bone loss.Materials and Methods: One-hundred and fifty bitewing radiographs of 86 patients were evaluated. In these radiographs, caries and distance between alveolar crest and CEJ were measured. In addition, confounding variables (contact type, tooth type, tooth surface) were assessed. Furthermore, patients were asked about the use of other possible risk factors of bone loss like smoking, brushing, and flossing. The data were analyzed using Regression analysis.Results: Findings of this study showed that the relationship between caries and bone loss was significant (P=0.02). Also, there were significant relationships between flossing (P=0.03), tooth type (P=0.0001) tooth surface (P=0.02) and bone loss. Finally the multivariate analyses considering confounding variables illustrate significant relationship between caries and bone loss (P=0.0001(Conclusion: Caries and bone loss have important roles as the risk factors for each other. Thus, it is necessary to prevent these risk factors and treat them as soon as possible to reduce these diseases.

The covid-19 virus is a severe and contagious viral infection that appeared in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. Despite numerous studies on the new virus, its origins remain unclear. Determining the exact source of this virus can be helpful in finding solutions to control this virus and similar viruses in the future.

This article's main effort is targeted towards determining the discussion's location within the secularization literature so that to clarify its path versus those paths as reflected in scattered thoughts, efforts, and other preoccupations in this area. The act of examinig the iranian secularization, as a Probable process, requires three steps to be taken:1. To have a rather clear picture as to the context of occurrence.2. To have a clear and distinct definition of such a phenomenon.3. To critically investigate the current ideas expressed about the Iranian seculariza tion.The model presented here on the Iranian secularization, constitutes this paper's main claimand it is in fact its final product which includes suggestions as to:A. Factors influencing this process of secularization at four levels of: macro, middle, micro, and religion per se.B. The detailed indices for each of the above.C. The path and process of their occurrence.